Understanding Heart Disease

Heart disease, also known as cardiovascular disease, refers to a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. It is the leading cause of death in the United States, but the good news is that many forms of heart disease can be prevented or managed with proper care.

The most common type of heart disease is coronary artery disease (CAD), which occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked by a buildup of plaque (fatty deposits). This can reduce blood flow to the heart and lead to chest pain, heart attacks, or heart failure.

Many risk factors for heart disease are within your control. Making healthy lifestyle changes can significantly reduce your risk:

High Blood Pressure: Often called the "silent killer," high blood pressure damages arteries over time. Regular monitoring and treatment are essential.

High Cholesterol: Too much LDL ("bad") cholesterol can build up in your arteries. A healthy diet and, if needed, medication can help manage cholesterol levels.

Smoking: Smoking damages blood vessels and significantly increases heart disease risk. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do for your heart.

Diabetes: High blood sugar can damage blood vessels and nerves that control the heart. Managing diabetes through diet, exercise, and medication is crucial.

Obesity: Excess weight puts extra strain on the heart. Even modest weight loss can improve heart health.

Physical Inactivity: Regular exercise strengthens the heart and improves circulation. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.

Unhealthy Diet: A diet high in saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, and sugar increases heart disease risk.

Excessive Alcohol: Heavy drinking can lead to high blood pressure and other heart problems.

Recognizing the warning signs of heart disease can save your life. Seek medical attention if you experience:

Chest Discomfort: The most common symptom of heart disease. It may feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center or left side of the chest. It can last for a few minutes or come and go.

Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or while lying down, can indicate heart problems.

Pain in Other Areas: Discomfort may spread to the shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back.

Fatigue: Unusual tiredness, especially in women, can be a sign of heart disease.

Swelling: Fluid buildup can cause swelling in the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen.

Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: Palpitations or a racing heart can indicate arrhythmias.

Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Feeling faint or dizzy can signal heart problems.

Important: Heart attack symptoms can differ between men and women. Women are more likely to experience shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, and back or jaw pain.

Preventing heart disease starts with understanding your risk and taking proactive steps:

Know Your Numbers: Get regular check-ups to monitor blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.

Medication Compliance: If prescribed medications for blood pressure, cholesterol, or other conditions, take them as directed.

Regular Follow-ups: Keep appointments with your healthcare provider and report any new or changing symptoms.